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. 6 Sheets-Sheet 1. J. A., I'. E. '8u M. E, NORMAND.' STEAMA BOILBR.

(No Model.)

Patented May 1.4, 1895.

s sheetssheet 2. J. A.,-F. E. 8v M. E. NORMAND. STEAM BOILER.

v(No Model.)

Patented May 14, 1895.

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J. A., P. E. an M. B NORMAND STEAM BOILBR.

No. 539,290. Patented May 14, 1895 ns co. mma-uwe.. wAsNmaron n (No Modlel.) l 6 Sheets-She9t 4. J. A., F. E. 89 M. E. NGRMAND.

STEAM' BOILBR.

No. 539,299. Patented May 14.1895.

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STEAM BOILEE.

(No Model.)

Patented May 14, 1895.

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vJ. A., PQE. 8u NLB. NORMAND.

STEAM BOILBB..

No. 539,299. Patented Mayv 14, 1895.

FIGS

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. of the construction referred to, though slightly .NITE- STATES ATENE JACQUES AUGUSTIN NORMAND, FRANCOISE'ELISABETH NORMAND, AND

MARIE EMILIE NORMAND, OF HAVRE, FRANCE.

sTEAM-BOILER,

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 539,290, dated May ,14, 1895.

Application led January 12,1895. Serial No. 534,716. (No model.) Patented in France October 10,1894. No. 241,976,a11d in Ital;r January 16,1895, LXXIV, 232.

To all whom it may concern,.-

Be it known that we, JACQUES AUGUSTIN N oRMAND, FRANCOISE ELISABETH NORMAND, and MARIE EMILIE NORMAND, citizens ofA France, and residents of Havre, in the Department of Seine-Infrieure, France, have invented a new and usefullmprovement in Steam-Boilers, (for'which we have obtained Letters Patent of France, dated October 10, 1894, No. 241,97 6, and ofVIt-aly, dated J anuary 16, 1895, No. 232, Vol. LXXIV,) of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates vto improvements in the construction of steam generators of the class known as multitubular boilers. Boilers of this class comprise heating tubes the greater part of which open or discharge below the level of the water contained in an upper reservoir, and the'hot gases in the boilers, afterhaving circulated round the tubes, pass olfthrough the chimney situated atthe end opposite to the front of the boiler. Steam generators constructed in this manner should yield more steam, and at a less cost, than the boilers in which the water is made to circulate within the tubes and where the chimney is situated immediately above the grate, inasmuch as the combustion chamber is of greater capacity, the position of the tubes more closely approaches the vertical line, and the sectional area available for the passage of the gases is less and the course of such gases is further extended. These circumstances are calculated to provide thorough combustion, an active circulation of water, as uniform as possible a utilization of the heating surface, and a rapi'd and energetic displacement of useful gases capable of assisting the transmission of heat. It has however been found that the yield of steam generators greater than that of the older boilers, does not offer over the latter the superiority expected. In order that this may be more clearly understood reference will be made to the accompanying drawings, in Which- `Figures 1 and 2 are respectively a transverse and a longitudinal section of a boiler of the type referred to as at present constructedt'. e., one, of which the yield is considered insufficient. Fig. 3 is a'section of one of the series of tubes, taken on line X Y, Fig. 1. Fig.

4 is vertical longitudinal section of one form `in Figs. 1,'2 and 3 A'is the front of the boiler, immediately connected with the heating chamber.

B B are side reservoirs or chambers receiving the lower partsof the heating tubes.

C is the central reservoir or chamber receiving the upper ends of the said tubes.

Dis the main bridge situated at the end of the grates. f

E E E are water return tubes situated outside the furnace.

Fis an inverted end-bridge under which the hot gases are caused to pass before entering the smoke-box and chimney.

G, H, I are'apertures provided in the upper portion of the inverted bridge F.

J is the smoke-box.

K is the chimney.

In boilers of the present construction the hot gases pass among the lateral series of pipes through apertures provided throughout the length of the gratos. As a rule these apertures or passages occupy the lower part of theseries of tubes only, as from a to b, Fig. 2. In some cases, however, they have extended farther upward say from a to cand in any case as before stated, the said apertures extend throughout the length of the grates. Suitable brickwork d prevents the flame from circulating among the upper part of the series of tubes.

It will readily be seen from the arrows in ney, and therefore escape at a very high temperature and may even carry flames into the chimney; second, the upper part of the series of tubes next to the front, is necessarily more or less avoided by the said gases, and third, the gases drawn into the chimney, which they enter upon passing under the inverted bridge F, must needs take the shortest way leading in that direction, and therefore but irnperfectly heat the upper portion of the series of tubes. Such is, of necessity, the edect produced in spite of the tendency of the gases to rise, and notwithstanding the provision of the small apertures G I-I I, the object of which is to cause the gases to follow the upper part of the series of tubes situated next `to the chimney.

depth) and length, and thereby to provide for a better combustion of the gases by compel` ling them to remain for a longer space of time in the combustion chamber before passing among the series of heating tubes. this purpose the gases are admitted to circulate among the series of tubes in the vicinity of the front portion of the boiler only, or in other words at the end which is farthest removed from the chimney, the iiow of such gases being, at the same time, spread out over as extensive an area as possible in the upward direction. In this manner the total length and height (or depth) ofthe series of tubes aretraversed bythe gases before they escape into the lchimney Figs. 4, 5, 6 and 7 of the accompanying drawings represent one form n whiich this purpose may be carried out. In order to enable the invention to be better understood the boiler is supposed to be identical with that already described with the exception of theseries of heating tubes, the arrangement of which is modified in accordance with the improvements, which constitute the present in- Vention.

The length or portion of the tubes marked L (Figs. 4 and '7) which is nearest tothe heating chamber, is open throughout the maximum area available in the direction of the height of the boiler; that is to say, the curve` of the tubes, as indicated in Fig. 5, is such that the gases may pass among the sidetubes `between a and b. Throughout the length of tubes marked M, Figs. 4 and 7, which length occupies the remaining part of the furnace, the :hot gases are incapable of entering the series of tubes which are so arranged as to form as tight an arch as possible. For this purpose, as shown in Figs. 6 and 7, the two inner rows of tubes on each side are brought into the same plane so as to form an arch or wall. They will then be contiguous if the distanceof the two transverse rows be equal, or nearly so, `to the external diameter of the tubes. The interstices, if any, are preferably For` calked with asbestos or other lireproof material, while wider spaces at d and e, which may exist between them in the vicinity of the upper and lower reservoirs, are filled up with cement, bricks of a particular shape, asbestos or any other suitable material capable of preventing the flame and hot gases from entering in appreciable quantities.

The arrows in Figs. 4 and 5 indicate the course which the hot gases are likely to take. t will be understood that as the sectional area of the currents of gases through the series of tubes is proportional to the length L and to the height a b of the admission sections, the said length L may be so much the smaller as the height of the boiler is greater; and, furthermore, that owing to the arrangement of the tubes, such height may be increased Without `fear lest the upper portion of the tubes be not fully taken advantage of, in the process of steam-production.

The portion of the tubes occupying the length N, situated between the main bridge .sible distance from `their point of issue, and

in order to avoid the Haines from being eX- tinguished `immediately upon entering, a portion of `the tubes may be dispensed with in the length L nearesttothe front.

The inner screen or arch of the series of `tubes inthe length M is formed by bringing together the two innermost longitudinal rows of tubes upon the same plane. In that case it may happen that the heating surface exposed to the direct action of the flame is insufficient. It may however be materially increased by combining, upon the same surface, the third and fourth rows of tubes instead of the first and second. In this case the first and second longitudinal rows would be subjected to the direct action of the tire throughout, and assist, under certain circumstances, the full combustion of the hot gases before they enter the tubes in which they are speedily extinguished.

The improved generator as described consists of an upper reservoir and twolower reservoirs connected by twoequal and symmetrical series of tubes. Other arrangements, however, may be adopted if required.

The number of main return tubes, ofwhich there are three in the present instance, may bemore or less as may be required; the single tube, for example, which is shown situated in `the rear in the vicinity ofthe chimneyrbeing front, thecombination with the lower cham- IIO bers B B', the upper chamber C, the main bridge D situated at the rear end of the grates, the smoke box J and the inverted bridge F intermediate the upper portions of the main bridge and smoke box, of the series of heating tubes L connecting the forward portions of the chambers and spaced apart or open throughout the maximum area available in the height of the boiler, and the heating tubes M connecting rear portions of the chambers and closely arranged to form a tight arch, whereby the hot gases can only pass among the tubes in the vicinity of the boiler front and not throughout the length occupied by the grates, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof We have signed this specificationin the presence'of two subscribing witnesses.

JACQUES AUGUSTIN NORMAND.

FRANCOISE ELISABETH NORMAND. MARIE EMILIE NORMAND. Witnesses:

ST. L. A. TOUHAY,

. U. S. Consular Clerk. PHILI? S. CHANCELLOR.

U. S; Deputy Consul. 

